Recent years have seen scholars in a wide range of disciplines re-evaluate the history of the Society of Jesus. In 1997, a group of scholars convened a major international conference to discuss the world of the Jesuits between 1540 and 1773 (the year of its suppression by papal edict). This meeting led to the creation of the first volume in this series, The Jesuits, which examined the worldwide Jesuit undertaking in such fields as music, art, architecture, devotional writing, mathematics, physics, astronomy, natural history, public performance, and education, with special attention to the Jesuits? interaction with non-European cultures.

This second volume, following a second conference in 2002, continues in a similar path as its predecessor, complementing the regional coverage with contributions on the Flemish and Iberian provinces, on the missions in Japan, and in post-Suppression Russia and the United States. The performing arts, like theatre and music, are broadly treated, and, in addition to continued attention to painting and architecture, the volume contains essays on a range of objets d?art, including statuary, reliquaries, and alter pieces ? as well as on gardens, mechanical clocks, and related automata. Other themes include finances, natural theology, censorship within the Jesuit order, and the Society?s relationship to women.

Perhaps most important, the volume gives particular attention to the eighteenth century, the ?age of disasters? for the Jesuits ? the negative papal ruling on Chinese Rites, the destruction the of Paraguay Reductions, and the suppressions of the order that began in Portugal and that culminated in the general Suppression of 1773. With contributions from distinguished scholars from a dozen different countries, The Jesuits, II continues in the illustrious tradition of its predecessor to make an important contribution to religious memory.

JOHN W. O'MALLEY, S.J., is professor in the Department of Church History at the Weston Jesuit School of Theology.

Gauvin Alexander Bailey is an associate Professor in the Department of Visual and Performing Arts at Clark University.

Steven J. Harris is a professor at the Jesuit Institute, Boston College.

T. FRANK KENNEDY, S.J., is chair of the Department of Music, Boston College.

Table of Contents

Part One: The Society in Society

• Every Tub on Its Own Bottom: Funding a Jesuit College in Early Modern Europe, Olwen Hufton
• The Jesuits and the Art of Translation in Early Modern Europe, Peter Burke
• Join the Jesuits, See the World: Early Modern Women in Spain and the Society of Jesus, Elizabeth Rhodes
• Between History and Myth: The Monita secreta Societatis Jesu, Sabina Pavone
• Revolutionary Pedagogues? How Jesuits Used Education to Change Society, Judi Loach
• The Jesuit Garden, Peter Davidson

Part Two: Visual Arts and the Arts of Persuasion

• Jesuit Uses of Art in the Province of Flanders, Jeffrey Muller
• Meditation, Ministry and Visual Rhetoric in Peter Paul Rubens's Program for the Jesuit Church in Antwerp, Anna C. Knaap
• Art in the Service of God: The Impact of the Society of Jesus on the Decorative Arts in Portugal, Nuno Vassallo e Silva
• Cultual Convergence at the Ends of the Earth: The Unique Art and Architecture of the Jesuit Missions to the Chiloe Archipelago (1608-1767), Gauvin Alexander Bailey
• The Rural Churches of the Jesuit Haciendas on the Southern Peruvian Coast, Humberto Rodriguez-Camilloni
• Suzhou Prints and Western Perspective: The Painting Techniques of Jesuit Artists at the Qing Court, and Dissemination of the Contemporary Court Style of Painting to Mid-Eighteenth-Century Chinese Society through Woodblock Prints, Hiromitsu Kobayashi

Part Three: Scientific Knowledge, the Order of Nature, and Natural Theology

• Picturing Jesuit Anti-Copernican Consensus: Astronomy and Biblical Exegesis in the Engraved Title-Page of Clavius' Opera mathematica (1612), Volker Remmert
• Jesuit Influences on Galileo's Science, William A. Wallace O.P.
• Utility, Edification, and Superstition: Jesuit Censorship and Athanasius Kircher's Oedipus Aegyptiacus, Daniel Stolzenberg
• Teaching Mathematics in Jesuit Schools: Programs, Course Content, and Classroom Practices, Antonella Romano
• Entering Dangerous Ground: Jesuits teaching Astrology and Chiromancy in Lisbon, Henrique Leitao
• Science and Enlightenment in Eighteenth-Century Spain: The Contribution of the Jesuits Before and After the Expulsion, Victor Navarro Brotons
• The Reception of a Theory: A Provisional Syllabus of Boscovich Literature, 1746-1800, Ugo Baldini

Part Four: Music, Theatre, and the Uses of Performance

• 'A Certain Indulgence': Muisc at the Jesuit College in Paris, 1575-1590, David Crook
• Between Stage and Divine Service: Jesuits and Theatrical Music, Franz Korndle
• Sung Catechism and College Opera: Two Musical Genres in the Jesuit Evangelization of Colonial Chile, Victor Rondon
• The Orator's Performance: Gesture, Word, and Image in Theatre at the Collegio Romano, Bruna Filippi
• The Jesuit Stage and Theatre in Milan during the Eighteenth Century, Giovanna Zanlonghi
• 'Lascivi Spettacoli': Jesuits and Theatre (from the Underside), Michael Zampelli, S.J.

Part Five: The Overseas Missions: Challenges and Strategies

• Grammar and Virtue: The Formulation of a Cultural and Missionary Program by the Jesuits in Early Colonial Peru, Sabine MacCormack
• The Problematic Acquisition of Indigenous Languages: Practices and Contentions in Missionary Specialization in the Jesuit Province of Peru (1568-1640), Aliocha Maldavsky
• The Uses of Shamanism: Evangelizing Strategies and Missionary Models in Seventeenth-Century Brazil,Charlotte de Castelnau-L'Estoile
• Jesuits, Too: Jesuits, Women Catechists, and Jezebels in Christian-Century Japan, Haruko Nawata Ward
• Clockwork and the Jesuit Mission in ChinaCatherine Pagani

Part Six: Expulsions, Suppressions, and the Surviving Remnant

• Between the Rigorist Hammer and the Deist Anvil: The Fate of the Jesuits in Eighteenth-Century France, Marc Fumaroli
• The Expulsion of the Jesuits and the Treatment of Catholic Representational Objects During the French Revolution, Richard Clay
• The Gang of Four and the Campaign against the Jesuits in Eighteenth-Century Brazil, Dauril Alden
• Twilight in the Imperial City: The Jesuit Mission in China, 1748-1760, Ronnie Po-Chia Hsia
• Boscovich in the Balkans: A Jesuit Perspective on Orthodox Christianity in the Age of Enlightenment, Larry Wolff
• A Jesuit 'Beata' at the Time of the Suppression in the Viceroyalty of Rio de la Plata: Maria Antonia de Paz y Figueroa, 1730-1799, Alicia Fraschina
• The Post-Suppression Society of Jesus in the United States and Russia: Two Unlikely Settings, Daniel L. Schlafly, Jr.

Appendix

• Introduction and Libretto: Jesuit Opera in Seventeenth-Century Vienna: Patientis Christi memoria by Johann Bernard Staudt (1654-1712), T. Frank Kennedy, S.J.